Showing posts with label mining. Show all posts
Showing posts with label mining. Show all posts

Monday, March 13, 2017

Wellgreen

I apologize, I was farting around with Blogger and deleted the original post - so from now on I'm the SAG (Stupid Angry Geologist), please excuse me, I'm off to find someone to blame.....
Here is the original post:
Wellgreen - this is going to be easy, we already know that it is going to be crap, because...
Nice ATV....
Yeahhhh, IKN for the win (link).

Summary

  • Wellgreen is a PoS
  • Big, low grade, high capex 'deposit'
  • very positive metal prices used in the PEA
  • Ignore it and Northmet as well.

I also like the way that they go out swinging and compare Wellgreen with a load of other Ni-PGE projects and mines, and show that it is low grade very low grade. Prepare to be blown away by the truly awe inspiring grades....
Nickel
PtEq
Feck, don't you hate it when you leave your Ni-PGE project in your pants pocket, it goes through the wash, and you find that all the metal has been washed away? BTW - smaller bars are not better, but the presentation does give us some useful advice - "avoid Northmet".
I like to compare exploration projects against active mines, basically to see if they are good enough to go into production. We can check Wellgreen against the results from the Kevitsa Mine (Boliden - Finland):
look at how much money they don't make....

So Wellgreen's message is - "Buy our shares, our project is worse than a break-even mine".

I also got a good chuckle on how they calculated the equivalent grades
  • NiEq - from Ni, Pt, Pd, Cu, Au, Ag, Rh, Co
  • Maybe they should have included Mn for fun? Everyone one loves Mn....
  • They used some high metal prices in the PEA, so at today's prices (bold), it is definitely uneconomic.
    • Au = $1250/oz ($1204.1/oz)
    • Cu = $3/lb ($2.62/lb)
    • Ni = $8/lb ($4.55/lb)
    • Pt = $1450/oz ($940.9/oz)
    • Pd = $800/oz ($754)
Heck, the metal prices used in the PEA were nowhere close to the current metal prices, a typical, fudge the numbers to make sure the deposit seems economic and hope that the readers are too stupid to understand.

It is so lucky that the project is located half-way to the north pole and require a large CAPEX....
Let us look a bit closer at the resource, maybe there are a couple of higher grade areas that could be expanded?
NiEq Grade distribution

PtEq Grade distribution
So, there are a couple of teeny weeny higher-grade zones. Nothing out of this world, and the resources can be expanded to the east (left in the image above).

At depth they like to show a lot of upside, telling us that lots of holes ended in "high-grade"
look at the cyan line - the PEA stage 5 opportunity pit outline
It isn't that special, yes, they can expand some of the deeper mineralization, but that it going to significantly increase the amount of waste rock (outlined in black) they have to move, and that cost will kill a marginal grade deposit.

Wellgreen do have a decent amount of cash, but the Wellgreen deposit has been well explored. There is upside to outline more resources, but what they really need to do is try and find a high-grade zone, because having "more of the same" (i.e. lots of low grade crap) isn't going to help.

You need to look beyond the big resource numbers and look at the grade and ask yourself - Where is the upside? If you are wanting to bet on Nickel, go for it, but the mineralization at Wellgreen is going to sit in those hills until the next glaciation.

you can get the 3D model from here (link)

Otto Rock put it more succinctly:

Conclusion: With the phrase “One Of The Largest Undeveloped (insert metal of choice) In The World” we have a hack, a short-cut to know when a bunch of mining parasites are trying to rip us off. So if you see it in company literature, in a promo pump or perhaps quoted by a CEO in an interview, you now know what to do!




Friday, October 7, 2016

The lowest grade mines in the world - Silver

This is part 2, focusing on silver projects. Silver is typically a nuisance by-product from mines producing important metals like copper, lead and zinc or valuable metals like gold. There are relatively few primary silver mines (even the Fresnillo mine has significant gold, lead and zinc credits). I've tried to focus on mines that have >50% of their production value or resource value in silver.

Again, this is a guide so that you can check you favourite silver project against the list to see how they compare, and remember, with operating mines, what they are mining now is NOT the same grade as when the mine started.

Open Pit





These are probably all the open pit silver mines in the world! Rochester - WTF, why are you still operating? It is because it squeaks out a small profit (or doesn't lose too much) but accounts for 30% of Coeur's silver production.

Underground



Impact has been successfully losing money at Zacualpan since 2015 2014 2013 2012! They had an unfashionable case of profitability in Q4, 2015, but fortunately they are back to losing money again!
Avino - best word is - Breakeven.


Development Projects







These are all proposed to be open pit operations.


Care and Maintenance




Both these mines were underground operations and close because they couldn't meet their base metal streaming agreements.

Here are a couple of open pit examples



I'll try and make this list dynamic, so if you have any suggestions, I'll try and include them.

It was interesting looking through all this data. I was amazed at how many silver mining companies are:

  1. Mainly gold or base metal miners
  2. Very good at losing money - several haven't been profitable for YEARS
  3. Raised crap loads of money recently to essentially stay afloat
TL:DR version - if you want to invest in mining/exploration companies - go for ones with gold and copper projects!

Thursday, September 29, 2016

The lowest grade mines in the world - Copper

I've received a lot of requests from people to look at different projects and verify their quality. Some projects are easy (North Bullfrog, San Diego, Cerro Las Minas), they are very low grade, but carefully created equivalents grades calculated from basically any metal content in the rock and assuming 100% recovery.

While I was working on these projects I started to build up a database from actual operations is to try and find the lowest grade mines by:
  1. Commodity
  2. Mine type (open pit vs underground)
This will allow you to quickly check the grade from drill-holes and 43-101 resource calculations from your favorite projects to see how they stack up. However, many of these mines have been in operation for a very long time and originally the operations commenced by mining high grade or leachable ores before transitioning to lower grade ores that they are mining now.

This list will be dynamic and send me some info on other project that you feel should be on this list, please send me some information and I'll update it.

I've also compiled a small list of 'development projects' that include mines currently under construction or being presented a project that could go into production in the not to distant future (i.e. we have a PEA or feasibility study).

Open Pit

  1. Mount Milligan, Canada - Thompson Creek Mining (porphyry deposit operated at 54,000 tpd)
    • Grade* - total mineral reserves from Dec 2015 (link)
      • Cu = 0.196% (note - grade mined in 2015 was 0.38% Cu)
      • Au = 0.349 g/t
      • * - reserves were calculated at $2.95/lb Cu and $1250/oz Au.
    • Basically this is a gold mine with copper credits.
  2. Aitik, Sweden  - Boliden (Porphyry, operating at 36,500 tpd)
    • Grade - 2015 production grades from 2015 annual report (link)
      • Cu = 0.23%; 
      • Au = 0.15 g/t
      • Ag = 0.13 g/t
      • Mo = 0.002%
    • Easily accessible ore (low strip ratio), highly automated and uses large mining equipment that makes the mine most productive open pit copper mine in the world (tonnes of ore produced per employee).  Low treatment charges - concentrate sent to Boliden smelter in Ronnskar (link). Gold an important by-product
  3. Sierrita, AZ, USA - Freeport (porphyry, operated at 102,000 tpd)
    • Grade - reserves (Freeport 2015 10K (link).
      • Cu = 0.24%
      • Ag = 1.42 g/t
      • Mo = 0.03%
    • Operating at reduced capacity (link)
  4. Mount Polley, Canada - Imperial Metals (porphyry deposit operated at 20,000 tpd)
    • Grade* - total mineral reserves from Jan 2014 (link)
      • Cu = 0.295%
      • Au = 0.302 g/t
      • Ag = 0.615 g/t
    • Mine restarted in Aug 2015 after tailings dam failure in Aug 2014.
  5. Constancia, Peru - HudBay (porphyry operated at 81900 tpd)
    • Grade - Jan 2015 reserves (link)
      • Cu = 0.30%
      • Au = 0.054 g/t
      • Ag* = 2.97 g/t
      • Mo = 0.009%
    • *Silver Wheaton acquired life of mine silver production from Constancia in April 2012 (link)
  6. Pinto Valley, AZ, USA - Capstone (porphyry deposit operated at 54,000 tpd)
    • Grade - total mineral reserves from Jan 2016 (link)
      • Cu = 0.31% (note - grade mined in 2015 was 0.38% Cu)
      • Mo = 0.009%
    • Capstone purchased this as an operating mine from BHP for US$650M (link)

Underground

  1. Bolivar, Mexico - Sierra Metals (Cu-Zn skarn operated at 2500 tpd)
    • Grade - April 2013 reserves (link)
      • Cu = 0.76%
      • Zn = 0.33%
      • Au = 0.23 g/t
      • Ag = 19.52 g/t
    • Polymetallic mine, with a CuEq grade of 1.04%
  2. Pyhasalmi, Finland - First Quantum (VMS deposit mined at 1000 tpd)
    • Grade - data from FQM website (link)
      • Cu = 0.9%
      • Zn = 1.9%
    • Note: the Pyrite they produce is also sold as a fertiliser.
  3. Surda, India - India Resources (shear hosted copper deposit operating at 2200 tpd)
    • Grade - June 2013 resources (link)
      • Cu = 1.1%
    • I couldn't find much information on this deposit, but this PR (link) suggests that they will be putting the mine on care and maintenance in the near future. No byproduct production, only copper.
  4. Cozamin, Mexico - Capstone (mesothermal Cu-Zn vein operating at 3300 tpd)
    • Grade - Jan 2016 reserves (link)
      • Cu = 1.5%
      • Zn = 0.71%
      • Pb = 0.17%
      • Ag* = 42 g/t
    • *Silver Wheaton purchased the 100% of silver production from Cozamin, but the project is located in one of Mexico's largest and richest silver districts (Zacatecas Mining district with estimated historical production since 1546 of  >1Boz Au and ~10Moz Au) from high grade veins. It will be interesting to see if Capstone start mining high grade silver ores once the royalty agreement expires?

Development projects

  1. Tepal Project, Mexico, Geologix (porphyry copper-gold, 38,700 tpd open pit mine)
    • Grade - Jan 2016 reserves (link)
      • Cu = 0.2%
      • Au* = 0.3 g/t
      • Ag* = 1.54g/t
      • Mo = 0.004%
    • Relatively low strip ratio, good byproduct Au values.A very poor location to have a project as the area is controlled by the Nights Templar Drug gang.
  2. Santo Domingo, Chile - Capstone Resources (porphyry copper, 65000 tpd open pit mine)
    • Grade - Jan 2016 reserves (link)
      • Cu = 0.3%
      • Au = 0.04 g/t
      • Fe = 28.2%
    • Capex = $1.7B
    • How much will the iron contribute to revenues?
  3. Calingiri, Australia - Caravel Minerals (Copper porphyry, 43,000 tpd open pit operation)
    • Grade - April 2016 reserves (link)
      • Cu = 0.34%
      • Au* = 0.02 g/t
      • Ag* = 1.8%
      • Mo = 0.008%
    • Capex = AU$440M
  4. Cobre Panama, Panama - First Quantum Minerals - 80% ownership (porphyry copper, 200-250,000 tpd open pit mine)
    • Grade - Jan 2016 reserves (link)
      • Cu = 0.38%
      • Au* = 0.07 g/t
      • Ag* = 1.3g/t
      • Mo = 0.006%
    • Capex = $5.95B
    • Note: Mining will focus on higher grade core. Precious metal stream sold to Franco Nevada. This project is currently in development.




One of these days i'll calculate the CuEq grades for these projects






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